Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a key growth factor that regulates both anabolic and
catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle. IGF-1 increases skeletal muscle protein synthesis via …

Inadequate nutrition and physical inactivity are the mainstays of primary sarcopenia–
physiopathology in older individuals. Gut microbiota composition is strongly dependent on …

Aging is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength and a decline in
neurophysiological functions. Age-related neuromuscular junction (NMJ) plays a key role in …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a polypeptide hormone structurally similar to insulin. It is
central to the somatotropic axis, acting downstream of growth hormone (GH). It activates …

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) are pleiotropic hormones with
important roles in lifespan. They promote growth, anabolic actions, and body maintenance …

Nature has selected osmolytes to protect intracellular macromolecules exposed to
denaturing conditions and stabilize proteins. Osmolytes are small naturally occurring …

Magnesium (Mg)-based biometal attracts clinical applications due to its biodegradability and
beneficial biological effects on tissue regeneration, especially in orthopaedics, yet the …

Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors primarily determine the lifespan of humans.
From these, nutrition is a key component affecting our health, and several studies …

Frailty is a state that encompasses losses in physical, psychological or social domains.
Therefore, frail people demonstrate a reduced potential to manage external stressors and to …

Chronic activation of the inflammatory response, defined as inflammaging, is the key physio-
pathological substrate for anabolic resistance, sarcopenia and frailty in older individuals …