Proportional to considerable progress in protein–drug conjugations, attention to the efficient
peptide coupling reagents is being increased. Hence, in this study, a versatile …

Because of their unique proton-conductivity, chains of phosphoric acid molecules are
excellent proton-transfer catalysts. Here we demonstrate that this property could have been …

The reduction-oxidation characteristics and proper kinetic models of three different iron ores
having respective main phases of FeOOH, Fe 3 O 4, and Fe 2 O 3 were investigated using …

Condensation reactions between biomolecular building blocks are the main synthetic
channels to build biopolymers. However, under highly diluted prebiotic conditions …

The abiotic polymerization of nucleotides and amino acids is a prerequisite for the
emergence of life. It has been proposed that hydrothermal conditions might favor the …

After pre concentration of monomers, polymerization is the second most important step for
molecular evolution. The formation of peptides is an important issue for prebiotic chemistry …

Acetamide, a small organic compound containing a peptide bond, was observed in the
interstellar medium, but reaction pathways leading to the formation of this prebiotic molecule …

The peptides/proteins of all living beings on our planet are mostly made up of 19 L-amino
acids and glycine, an achiral amino acid. Arising from endogenous and exogenous sources …

Peptides have essential structural and catalytic functions in living organisms. The formation
of peptides requires the overcoming of thermodynamic and kinetic barriers. In recent years …

Model studies on the adsorption of simple amino acids on single-crystalline substrates
provide the basis for understanding the interactions of more complex biomolecules with …