Nature achieves differentiation of specific and nonspecific binding in molecular interactions
through precise control of biomolecules in space and time. Artificial systems such as …

Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They
regulate self-/non-self-discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer …

Cell-matrix interactions are fundamental to many developmental, homeostatic, immune and
pathologic processes. Hyaluronan (HA), a critical component of the extracellular matrix …

The attachment and subsequent colonization of bacteria on the surfaces of synthetic
materials and devices lead to serious problems in both human healthcare and industrial …

Although the concept of selective delivery has been postulated over 100 years ago, no
targeted nanomedicine has been clinically approved so far. Nanoparticles modified with …

The lymphatics fulfill a vital physiological function as the conduits through which leucocytes
traffic between the tissues and draining lymph nodes for the initiation and modulation of …

Over the past few decades, the complexity of molecular entities being advanced for
therapeutic purposes has continued to evolve. A main propellent fueling innovation is the …

LYVE-1, a close relative of the leucocyte receptor, CD44, is the main receptor for hyaluronan
(HA) in lymphatic vessel endothelium and a widely used marker for distinguishing between …

Conspectus Multivalent interactions are common in biological systems and are also widely
deployed for targeting applications in biomedicine. A unique feature of multivalent binding is …

Nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly functionalized using targeting ligands to drive their
selective uptake in cells of interest. Typical target cell types are cancer cells, which often …