Glucocorticoids (GCs; ie cortisol/corticosterone) are a central component of the stress
response and thus their measurement is frequently used to evaluate the impact of stressful …

The ability to evaluate the extent of poor welfare during clinical disease is of great
importance for animal welfare. Chronic exposure to stressful situations has a negative …

Background Numbers of giraffes are declining rapidly in their native habitat. As giraffe
research and conservation efforts increase, the demand for more complete measures of the …

Several internal and external factors can influence animals' hormonal activity. Cortisol level
in hair and wool determines chronic stress, which is connected with the long-term HPA axis …

Context Human activities can induce behavioural and stress responses in wild animals.
Information is scarce on the effects of culling on anti-predator behaviour and endogenous …

State-dependent foraging theory posits that animals should make foraging decisions based
on energetic condition, where animals with fewer energetic reserves prioritize foraging over …

Breeding wild animals for restocking imply their ability to respond to wild conditions and to
overcome the stress of transport and cage rearing. Cortisol was used in animals to measure …

Parrots kept in zoos and private households often develop psychological and behavioural
disorders. Despite knowing that such disorders have a multifactorial aetiology and that …

Se revisan investigaciones sobre medición de cortisol y sus metabolitos en alpacas y
llamas. Las concentraciones de cortisol en muestras de plasma, suero y saliva, así como de …

Alpacas are high quality fiber producing animals, kept for production purpose and as pets.
Endocrine imbalances from adrenal glands, gonads, or thyroid gland may result in coat …