Executive summary Liver diseases have become a major health threat across Europe, and
the face of European hepatology is changing due to the cure of viral hepatitis C and the …

Epidemiological studies have suggested a role for ultra-processed foods in numerous
chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic …

Background In the NOVA classification system, descriptive criteria are used to assign foods
to one of four groups based on processing-related criteria. Although NOVA is widely used …

Background Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has increased drastically worldwide
and already represents 50%–60% of total daily energy intake in several high-income …

Objective To assess the prospective associations between consumption of ultra-processed
foods and risk of cardiovascular diseases. Design Population based cohort study. Setting …

Importance Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) are widespread in Western diets. Their consumption
has been associated in recent prospective studies with increased risks of all-cause mortality …

Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure
to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse …

Objective To assess the prospective associations between consumption of ultra-processed
food and risk of cancer. Design Population based cohort study. Setting and participants 104 …

A debate is ongoing on the significance and appropriateness of the NOVA classification as a
tool for categorizing foods based on their degree of processing. As such, the role of ultra …

Background Processed foods are typically praised/revered for their convenience,
palatability, and novelty; however, their healthfulness has increasingly come under scrutiny …