This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving
detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC …

There are two mass generating mechanisms in the standard model of particle physics (SM).
One is related to the Higgs boson and fairly well understood. The other is embedded in …

This article reviews recent developments in tests of fundamental physics using atoms and
molecules, including the subjects of parity violation, searches for permanent electric dipole …

We review the present theoretical and empirical knowledge for α s, the fundamental
coupling underlying the interactions of quarks and gluons in Quantum Chromodynamics …

We discuss our present knowledge of α s, the fundamental running coupling or effective
charge of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). A precise understanding of the running of α s …

This White Paper presents the science case of an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), focused on the
structure and interactions of gluon-dominated matter, with the intent to articulate it to the …

Visible matter is characterised by a single mass scale; namely, the proton mass. The
proton's existence and structure are supposed to be described by quantum chromodynamics …

This article reviews our present understanding of QCD spin physics: the proton spin puzzle
and new developments aimed at understanding the transverse structure of the nucleon …

We perform the first global QCD analysis of polarized inclusive and semi-inclusive deep-
inelastic scattering and single-inclusive e+ e-annihilation data, simultaneously fitting the …

We discuss techniques and results for the extraction of the nucleon's spin-dependent parton
distributions and their uncertainties from data for polarized deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon …