Simple Summary Radiotherapy with carbon ions has been used for over 20 years in Asia
and Europe and is now planned in the USA. The physics advantages of carbon ions …

Radiotherapy with high-energy charged particles has become an attractive therapeutic
option for patients with several tumour types because this approach better spares healthy …

Radiotherapy should have low toxicity in the entrance channel (normal tissue) and be very
effective in cell killing in the target region (tumour). In this regard, ions heavier than protons …

Charged particle therapy has been largely driven and influenced by nuclear physics. The
increase in energy deposition density along the ion path in the body allows reducing the …

Helium ion beam therapy for the treatment of cancer was one of several developed and
studied particle treatments in the 1950s, leading to clinical trials beginning in 1975 at the …

FLASH radiotherapy is considered a new potential breakthrough in cancer treatment. Ultra‐
high dose rates (> 40 Gy/s) have been shown to reduce toxicity in the normal tissue without …

Abstract The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will be the accelerator-based
flagship research facility in many basic sciences and their applications in Europe for the …

The biological effect of charged-particle beams depends on both dose and particle
spectrum. As one of the physical quantities describing the particle spectrum of charged …

Background and Significance The application of heavy ion beams in cancer therapy must
account for the increasing relative biological effectiveness (RBE) with increasing penetration …

Simple Summary Carbon ion radiotherapy offers ballistic and radiobiological advantages
over conventional photon-based radiotherapy, making it an effective option in case of rare …