In entrapment an active species, which is often a catalyst, is trapped within a material by a
solid or gel forming event; thus, it becomes dispersed within the solid or semi-solid matrix …

Ionic liquids (ILs) are solvents with salt structures. Typically, they contain organic cations
(ammonium, imidazolium, pyridinium, piperidinium or pyrrolidinium), and halogen …

Salts that are liquid at room temperature, now commonly called ionic liquids, have been
known for more than 100 years; however, their unique properties have only come to light in …

Ionic liquids are room-temperature molten salts, composed mostly of organic ions that may
undergo almost unlimited structural variations. This review covers the newest aspects of …

Written by experts who have been part of this field since its beginnings in both research and
academia, this textbook introduces readers to this evolving topic and the broad range of …

There are still debates on whether the hydration of ions perturbs the water structure, and
what is the degree of such disturbance; therefore, the origin of the Hofmeister effect on …

Inorganic and organic “solvent-in-salt”(SIS) systems have been known for decades but have
attracted significant attention only recently. Molten salt hydrates/solvates have been …

Water was originally inimical to ionic liquids (ILs) especially in the analysis of their detailed
properties. Various data on the properties of ILs indicate that there are two ways to design …

Ionic liquids have shown their potential as a solvent media for many enzymatic reactions as
well as protein preservation, because of their unusual characteristics. It is also observed that …

Biotechnology has revolutionized science and health care by providing new biomolecules
with biological and medical applications. However, the low stability of several life-saving …