We review and compare four broad categories of spatially-explicit modelling approaches
currently used to understand and project changes in the distribution and productivity of living …

Recent changes in oceanic plankton are being reported at unprecedented rates. Most
changes are related to environmental factors, and many were identified as driven by climate …

Abstract Chust, G., Castellani, C., Licandro, P., Ibaibarriaga, L., Sagarminaga, Y., and
Irigoien, X. 2014. Are Calanus spp. shifting poleward in the North Atlantic? A habitat …

The biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning debate is a central topic in ecology. Recently, there
has been a growing interest in size diversity because body size is sensitive to environmental …

Being located between primary producers and fish, zooplankton are a key element of marine
food webs, the trophic structure of which is dependent upon the size distribution of species …

In the last decades, the North Sea has undergone intense environmental changes which
have led to regime shifts that affected all trophic levels. Since the 1970s, both increases and …

Marine phytoplankton play a central role in supporting life in the oceans and profoundly
affect global biogeochemical cycles. Previous studies have revealed positive effects of sea …

Hatching rhythms of eggs banks are important processes because they favor species co-
existence and promote resilience of ecosystems after natural disturbances. Anthropogenic …

The North Sea cod (Gadus morhua, L.) stock has continuously declined over the past four
decades linked with overfishing and climate change. Changes in stock structure due to …

Populations of the same species can experience different responses to the environment
throughout their distributional range as a result of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in …