Women undergo important changes in sex hormones throughout their lifetime that can
impact cardiovascular disease risk. Whereas the traditional cardiovascular risk factors …

While risk scores are invaluable tools for adapted preventive strategies, a significant gap
exists between predicted and actual event rates. Additional tools to further stratify the risk of …

The history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) started in the 1960s, with very high
popularity in the 1990s. The first clinical trials on HRT and chronic postmenopausal …

Advancing age is the major risk factor for the development of CVD (cardiovascular
diseases). This is attributable, in part, to the development of vascular endothelial …

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women has unique features, including
associations with reproductive factors that are incompletely understood. Vasomotor …

Context: The stages of the menopause transition are characterized by changes in ovarian
hormones and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and vasomotor …

Menopausal disorders may include shorter-term symptoms, such as hot flushes and night
sweats (vasomotor symptoms, VMS) and longer-term chronic conditions such as …

Objective An overview of the current knowledge on the etiology and treatment of vasomotor
symptoms in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods Acknowledged experts in the …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in women, claiming the
lives of 399,028 US women in 2014. 1 This number is similar to the number of female deaths …

This review discusses sexual dimorphism in arterial stiffening, disease pathology
interactions, and the influence of sex on mechanisms and pathways. Arterial stiffness …