During evolution, individuals whose brains and bodies functioned well in a fasted state were
successful in acquiring food, enabling their survival and reproduction. With fasting and …

Ghrelin, a gastric-derived acylated peptide, regulates energy homeostasis by transmitting
information about peripheral nutritional status to the brain, and is essential for protecting …

Food is a potent natural reward and food intake is a complex process. Reward and
gratification associated with food consumption leads to dopamine (DA) production, which in …

Abstract The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of
the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an …

Ghrelin is the only known peripherally-derived orexigenic hormone, increasing appetite and
subsequent food intake. The ghrelinergic system has therefore received considerable …

BACKGROUND: Ghrelin plays important roles in glucose metabolism, appetite, and body
weight regulation, and recent evidence suggests ghrelin prevents excessive anxiety under …

Ghrelin is a relatively novel multifaceted hormone that has been found to exert a plethora of
physiological effects. In this review, we found/confirmed that ghrelin has effect on all body …

Intermittent short-term fasting (ISTF) and ketogenic diets (KDs) exert overlapping but not
identical effects on cell metabolism, function, and resilience. Whereas health benefits of KD …

Gastrointestinal symptoms are evident in all stages of Parkinson's disease (PD). Most of the
gastrointestinal abnormalities associated with PD are attributable to impaired motility. At the …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review examines the food addiction model and the role of
food hedonic pathways in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity. Recent Findings The …