Paired fins are a major innovation, that evolved in the jawed vertebrate lineage after
divergence from living jawless vertebrates. Extinct jawless armoured stem gnathostomes …

The stem-group euarthropod Anomalocaris canadensis is one of the largest Cambrian
animals and is often considered the quintessential apex predator of its time. This radiodont …

Computational fluid dynamics is a method for simulating fluid flows that has been widely
used in engineering for decades, and which also has applications for studying function and …

The acquisition of elongated, sabre-like canines in multiple vertebrate clades during the last
265 Myr represents a remarkable example for convergent evolution. Due to striking …

Suspension feeding is a key ecological strategy in modern oceans that provides a link
between pelagic and benthic systems. Establishing when suspension feeding first became …

Biomechanical models and simulations of musculoskeletal function rely on accurate muscle
parameters, such as muscle masses and lines of action, to estimate force production …

Taphonomic and diagenetic processes inevitably distort the original skeletal morphology of
fossil vertebrate remains. Key aspects of palaeobiological datasets may be directly impacted …

The orbit is one of several skull openings in the archosauromorph skull. Intuitively, it could
be assumed that orbit shape would closely approximate the shape and size of the eyeball …

Pseudosuchian archosaurs, reptiles more closely related to crocodylians than to birds,
exhibited high morphological diversity during the Triassic and are thus associated with …

Dinosaur locomotion and biomechanics, especially of their pelvic girdles and hindlimbs,
have been analyzed in numerous studies. However, detailed volumetric musculoskeletal …