The medial frontal cortex and adjacent orbitofrontal cortex have been the focus of
investigations of decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. We review …

Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is an emerging non-invasive
technique for focally modulating human brain function. The mechanisms and neurochemical …

We use mental models of the world—cognitive maps—to guide behavior. The lateral
orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) is typically thought to support behavior by deploying these maps …

Torpor is an energy-conserving state in which animals dramatically decrease their metabolic
rate and body temperature to survive harsh environmental conditions. Here, we report the …

The ability of the mind to conceptualize what is not present is essential. It allows us to reason
counterfactually about what might have happened had events unfolded differently or had …

The ability to respond flexibly to an ever-changing environment relies on the orbitofrontal
cortex (OFC). However, how the OFC associates sensory information with predicted …

Three large-scale networks are considered essential to cognitive flexibility: the ventral and
dorsal attention (VANet and DANet) and salience (SNet) networks. The ventrolateral …

Staying engaged is necessary to maintain goal-directed behaviors. Despite this,
engagement exhibits continuous, intrinsic fluctuations. Even in experimental settings …

Humans have been shown to strategically explore. They can identify situations in which
gathering information about distant and uncertain options is beneficial for the future …

Visual object memory is a fundamental element of various cognitive abilities, and the
underlying neural mechanisms have been extensively examined especially in the anterior …