Over the years, NiTi alloys have become indispensable materials in endodontic treatment.
With technological advancements in metallurgy, manufacturers have attempted to produce …

Aims To establish whether irrigant activation techniques (IAT s) result in greater intracanal
smear layer and debris removal than conventional needle irrigation (CNI). Methodology Six …

Background and Objective Varied physical and chemical characteristic of root canal sealers
and different irrigant agitation systems can influence the depth of penetration. The aim of this …

Introduction The present study evaluated the effect of passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) of
EDTA solution followed by conventional irrigation with 2 concentrations of sodium …

Accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) is an inevitable by-product during endodontic
treatment and is difficult to remove completely using traditional syringe and needle irrigation …

Results: The four groups did not differ from each other in the coronal and mid-root parts of
the canal. In the apical part of the canal none of the methods could completely remove all …

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare smear layer removal after final irrigant activation
with sonic irrigation (SI), manual dynamic agitation (MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) …

Background Tricalcium silicate-based sealers have been usually indicated for the single-
cone technique and result in more residual filling materials in root canal retreatment …

Background Ultrasonically-activated irrigation (UAI) is effective in root canal irrigation but
may damage canal walls. EDDY is a sonic activation system with flexible working tips that …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of the smear layer by some commonly
used (needle-and-syringe irrigation, sonic activation, ultrasonically activated irrigation) and …