Multidimensional scaling (MDS) methods include principal components analysis (PCA),
principal co-ordinates analysis (PCO), canonical variates analysis (CVA) and non-metric …

Palaeoecologists and palaeobiogeographers are often confronted with large, multivariate
data sets, from which fossil communities (assemblages or associations) or faunal provinces …

An accessible introduction to quantitative methods in community ecology, with related
software. Provides a thoughtful overview on the nature of data collection, followed by …

La vegetación es la resultante de la acción de los factores ambientales sobre el conjunto
interactuante de las especies que cohabitan en un espacio continuo. Refleja el clima, la …

Provides--in an organized and compact source--a comprehensive guide to the principles of
sampling design and statistical analysis methods. Reviews the principles of inference …

Publisher Summary Ordination implies an abstract space in which the entities form a
constellation. In the Bray–Curtis ordination, the entities are samples and the attributes are …

It seems that vegetation ecology has become increasingly dependent on the use of
statistical and other mathematical methods in the solution of its problems. Such methods …

Reciprocal averaging is a technique of indirect ordination, related both to weighted
averages and to principal components analysis and other eigenvector techniques. A series …

Ordination techniques are plagued by the non-linearity of vegetation data. The purpose of
ordination is discussed and considered to be the process of arranging samples (or species) …

The use of nonmetric multidimensional scalings as an ordination method has been studied
by the use of simulated coenoclines and coenoplanes. It was found that the method always …