Importance Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder and it affects
approximately 5% of adults and 35% of hospitalized patients. Hyponatremia is defined by a …

Key Clinical Points Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis (SIAD) Hyponatremia is the most
common electrolyte abnormality. The condition is usually caused by a water excess relative …

This AASLD Guidance provides a data-supported approach to the management of ascites
and HRS. It differs from the AASLD Guidelines, which are supported by systematic reviews …

The British Society of Gastroenterology in collaboration with British Association for the Study
of the Liver has prepared this document. The aim of this guideline is to review and …

Objective: To present evidence-based recommendations that promote optimized fluid-
maintenance practices for physically active individuals. Background: Both a lack of adequate …

Hyponatremia is a common water balance disorder that often poses a diagnostic or
therapeutic challenge. Therefore, guidelines were developed by professional organizations …

Onconephrology is a new subspecialty of nephrology that recognizes the important
intersections of kidney disease with cancer. This intersection takes many forms and includes …

Human cells dwell in salt water. Their well-being depends on the ability of the body to
regulate the salinity of extracellular fluids. By controlling water intake and excretion, the …

Context Dysnatremia is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with bacterial
pneumonia. There is paucity of data about the incidence and prognostic impact of abnormal …

Pituitary apoplexy, a rare clinical syndrome secondary to abrupt hemorrhage or infarction,
complicates 2%–12% of pituitary adenomas, especially nonfunctioning tumors. Headache of …