Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biopolyesters, stored within cells as energy storage
materials by various microorganisms. Due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability …

Heavy metal contamination has been recognized as a major public health risk, particularly in
developing countries and their toxicological manifestations are well known. Conventional …

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a highly pure and crystalline material generated by aerobic
bacteria, which has received significant interest due to its unique physiochemical …

A vast number of bacterial extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) have been reported over
recent decades, and their composition, structure, biosynthesis and functional properties …

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms are a complex
mixture of biopolymers primarily consisting of polysaccharides, as well as proteins, nucleic …

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by diverse group of microbial systems are rapidly
emerging as new and industrially important biomaterials. Due to their unique and complex …

Levan is a homopolymer of fructose naturally obtained from both plants and
microorganisms. Microbial levans are more advantageous, economical and industrially …

Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer made up of repeating units
of l-glutamic acid, d-glutamic acid or both. γ-PGA can exhibit different properties …

Biodegradable polymeric biomaterial plays a vital role in therapeutic medicine and in the
various discipline of biomedical science involving biomaterials. Bacterial cellulose (BC) …

Anammox aggregates have been extensively observed in high-efficiency nitrogen-removal
reactors, yet the variation and inherent cause of its aggregation capacity related to reactor …