The basic structure and dynamics of the primary electric current systems in the Earth's
magnetosphere are presented and discussed. In geophysics, the word current is used to …

Abstract The Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment
uses magnetic field data from the Iridium constellation to derive the global Birkeland current …

This tutorial review examines the role of O+ in the dynamics of magnetosphere–ionosphere
coupling. The life cycle of an O+ plasma element is considered as it circulates from the mid …

The role of diffuse electron precipitation in the formation of subauroral polarization streams
(SAPS) is investigated with the Multiscale Atmosphere‐Geospace Environment (MAGE) …

We illustrate some fundamental alterations of the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction that
occur during low Mach number solar wind. We first show that low Mach number solar wind …

The reconnection potential along the reconnection line provides a quantitative description of
magnetic reconnection that dominates the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling. To properly …

Ionospheric conductance is a crucial factor in regulating the closure of magnetospheric field‐
aligned currents through the ionosphere as Hall and Pedersen currents. Despite its …

When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is southward, most of the ionospheric potential
is generated by merging between the IMF and the magnetospheric field. Typically, the …

We examine the 18 April 2002 sawtooth event. We find that the strong magnetic field
dipolarizations observed in association with each tooth are not global in occurrence but are …

Ionospheric conductance plays an important role in regulating the response of the
magnetosphere‐ionosphere system to solar wind driving. Typically, models of …