Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification,
depending on the site (s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular …

The cushioning function of large arteries encompasses distension during systole and recoil
during diastole which transforms pulsatile flow into a steady flow in the microcirculation …

In the present review, we describe the causes and consequences of loss of vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) or their function in advanced atherosclerotic plaques and discuss …

Significance: The molecular machinery regulating autophagy has started becoming
elucidated, and a number of studies have undertaken the task to determine the role of …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. As such, there is great
interest in identifying novel mechanisms that govern the cardiovascular response to disease …

Autophagy is triggered in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of diseased arterial
vessels. However, the role of VSMC autophagy in cardiovascular disease is poorly …

Extracellular flux (XF) analysis has become a mainstream method for measuring
mitochondrial function in cells and tissues. Although this technique is commonly used to …

Autophagy is a reparative, life-sustaining process by which cytoplasmic components are
sequestered in double-membrane vesicles and degraded on fusion with lysosomal …

During the last three decades, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major α, β-unsaturated
aldehyde product of n-6 fatty acid oxidation, has been shown to be involved in a great …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the gradual buildup of
plaques within the vessel wall of middle-sized and large arteries. The occurrence and …