Plant hormones are signalling compounds that regulate crucial aspects of growth,
development and environmental stress responses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought …

Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce
plant growth, productivity and quality. Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these …

Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding
the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development,
and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants …

Stomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water
transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land …

Tolerance of plants to abiotic stressors such as drought and salinity is triggered by complex
multicomponent signaling pathways to restore cellular homeostasis and promote survival …

Highlights•ABA triggers a robust signal network that controls stomatal closing.•Guard cell
ABA levels are controlled by biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport.•SnRK2s and CPKs are …

Stomatal opening is largely promoted by light-activated plasma membrane-localized proton
ATPases (PM H+-ATPases), while their closure is mainly modulated by abscisic acid (ABA) …

Partially and fully completed plant genome sequencing projects in both lower and higher
plants allow drawing a comprehensive picture of the molecular and structural diversities of …

Stomatal guard cells are widely recognized as the premier plant cell model for membrane
transport, signaling, and homeostasis. This recognition is rooted in half a century of research …