The urban energy infrastructure is facing a rising number of challenges due to climate
change and rapid urbanization. In particular, the link between urban morphology and energy …

This article provides the state-of-the-art on the optimal planning and design of future district
heating (DH) systems. The purpose is to provide practical information of first-step actions for …

Future district heating networks have to be flexible enough to absorb the heat load variations
and additional heat production variations imposed by increasing intermittent renewable …

District heating systems are evolved from steam systems (1st generation) to low temperature
water based systems (4th generation) and pilot projects are coming out on ultra-low …

District heating networks have become widespread due to their ability to distribute thermal
energy efficiently, which leads to reduced carbon emissions and improved air quality …

Modelling of district heating networks is subject to many challenges, eg computation time
and complexity. Since district heating networks occupy the largest share of investment in …

Future district heating systems and technologies—also known as fourth-generation district
heating—have a potentially important role to play in the green transition of societies. The …

The implementation of district heating networks into cities is a main topic in policy planning
that looks for sustainable solutions to reduce CO2 emissions. However, their development …

The 100-years-old model of centralized generation and one-way power flow is being
disrupted by alternative energy technologies that enable customers to generate their own …

Focusing on the problem of failing to consider the load complementary characteristics in the
process of dividing the energy supply range for energy stations, this paper proposes an …