Old-growth forests (OGF) provide valuable ecosystem services such as habitat provision,
carbon sequestration or recreation maintaining biodiversity, carbon storage, or human well …

Over the past centuries in Western Europe, the long history of forest management has
shaped both landscape-and local-scale forest structures. In France, a network of strict forest …

Understanding the factors controlling the expression of longevity in trees is still an
outstanding challenge for tree biologists and forest ecologists. We gathered tree-ring data …

When site factors reduce growth rates, tree lifespan tends to increase. This study
investigates processes leading to such inverse relationship in F agus sylvatica stands …

The frequent occurrence of very large trees (diameter at breast height DBH≥ 80 cm) is a
typical element of both primary and secondary old-growth forests. We analyzed the …

Old‐growth studies commonly emphasize structural and age conditions, selecting proxy
indicators of long‐term ecological processes. Transition dynamics from mature to old‐growth …

The way forests are defined, using terms such as ancient, old-growth, primary, sacred, or
intact forest landscapes, has far-reaching impacts on how, why, and where forests are …

The structure and the spatio-temporal dynamics of the mixed beech–silver fir–Norway
spruce old-growth forest of Biogradska Gora (Montenegro) have been analysed at different …

Pheromone-based monitoring could be a very efficient method to assess the conservation
status of rare and elusive insect species, but there are still few studies for which pheromone …

Studies of plant-associated Ascomycota are topical, as they have varied life modes
depending on their hosts in different ecosystems. In Italy, Fagales are economically and …