For over 100 years, endosymbiotic theories have figured in thoughts about the differences
between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. More than 20 different versions of endosymbiotic …

Much of our current knowledge about mitochondria has come from studying patients who
have respiratory chain disorders. These disorders comprise a large collection of individually …

Highlights•Endosymbiotic theory explains why organelles resemble free-living
bacteria.•Gene trees are well-suited to testing endosymbiotic theory, but not to replacing …

Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance
of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in …

All complex life is composed of eukaryotic (nucleated) cells. The eukaryotic cell arose from
prokaryotes just once in four billion years, and otherwise prokaryotes show no tendency to …

“One of the deepest, most illuminating books about the history of life to have been published
in recent years.”—The Economist The Earth teems with life: in its oceans, forests, skies and …

Genome sequences reveal that a deluge of DNA from organelles has constantly been
bombarding the nucleus since the origin of organelles. Recent experiments have shown that …

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are subcellular bioenergetic organelles with their own
genomes and genetic systems. DNA replication and transmission to daughter organelles …

The natural transfer of DNA from mitochondria to the nucleus generates nuclear copies of
mitochondrial DNA (numts) and is an ongoing evolutionary process, as genome sequences …

The first animal mitochondrial genomes to be sequenced were of several vertebrates and
model organisms, and the consistency of genomic features found has led to a 'textbook …