Breathing is a well-described, vital and surprisingly complex behaviour, with behavioural
and physiological outputs that are easy to directly measure. Key neural elements for …

Opioids induce respiratory depression via activation of μ-opioid receptors at specific sites in
the central nervous system including the pre-Bötzinger complex, a respiratory rhythm …

Recent breakthroughs in neuroscience have led to the awareness that we should revise our
traditional mode of thinking and studying the CNS, ie by isolating the privileged network of …

Sighs prevent the collapse of alveoli in the lungs, initiate arousal under hypoxic conditions,
and are an expression of sadness and relief. Sighs are periodically superimposed on …

The basic pattern of rhythmic jaw movements produced during mastication is generated by a
neuronal network located in the brainstem and referred to as the masticatory central pattern …

Evidence for a significant role and impact of purinergic signaling in normal and diseased
airways is now beyond dispute. The present review intends to provide the current state of …

A commonly held view that dominates both the scientific and educational literature is that in
terrestrial mammals the central nervous system lacks a physiological hypoxia sensor …

Key points The ventilatory response to reduced oxygen (hypoxia) is biphasic, comprising an
initial increase in ventilation followed by a secondary depression. Our findings indicate that …

Brain tumors, particularly high-grade glioblastomas, are a crucial public health issue due to
poor prognosis and an extremely low survival rate. The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) …

The evolutionary origins of glia are lost in time, as soft tissues rarely leave behind fossil
footprints, and any molecular footprints they might have been left we have yet to decipher …