Type I interferons (IFNs) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during
infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the …

Understudied, coinfections are more frequent in pig farms than single infections. In pigs, the
term “Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex”(PRDC) is often used to describe coinfections …

Objective The aim of this study was to further clarify clinical characteristics and predict
mortality risk among patients with viral pneumonia. Methods A total of 528 patients with viral …

Concern that a highly pathogenic virus might cause the next influenza pandemic has
spurred recent research into influenza and its complications. Bacterial superinfection in the …

Colonization of the upper respiratory tract by pneumococcus is important both as a
determinant of disease and for transmission into the population. The immunological …

Seasonal influenza virus infection presents a major strain on the health care system.
Influenza virus infection has pandemic potential, which was repeatedly observed during the …

While type I interferons (IFNs) are universally acknowledged for their antiviral and
immunostimulatory functions, there is increasing appreciation of the detrimental effects of …

Immune responses to lung infections must be tightly regulated in order to permit pathogen
eradication while maintaining organ function. Exuberant or dysregulated inflammation can …

Secondary pulmonary infections by encapsulated bacteria including Streptococcus
pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus following influenza represent a common and …

Respiratory infections and diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, and
effective treatments probably require manipulating the inflammatory response to pathogenic …