Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and establishes a
long-lived latent infection in a substantial proportion of the human population. Multiple lines …

There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated
one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains …

The adaptive immune response mediated by T cells is critical for control of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection in humans. However, the M. tuberculosis antigens …

Since the discovery of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the 1980s, a large body of work has led to its
recognition as a pleiotropic immunomodulatory cytokine that affects both the innate and …

Transcription factor Foxp3 is critical for generating regulatory T cells (Treg cells).
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces Foxp3 and suppressive Treg cells from naive …

During gaseous exchange the lungs are exposed to a vast variety of pathogens, allergens,
and innocuous particles. A feature of the lung immune response to lung-tropic aerosol …

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10)‐secreting T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells are defined by their specific
cytokine production profile, which includes the secretion of high levels of IL‐10 and …

The different manifestations of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis reflect the balance
between the bacillus and host defense mechanisms. Traditionally, protective immunity to …

Host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by cellular
immunity, in which cytokines and Th1 cells play a critical role. In the process of control of the …

Diabetes has been recognized as an important risk factor for a variety of intracellular
bacterial infections, but research into the dysregulated immune mechanisms contributing to …