Recognition of the metabolic process of chemosynthesis has recently overthrown the
ecological dogma that all life on earth is dependent on sunlight. In complete darkness …

Examples of parallel evolution have been crucial for our understanding of adaptation via
natural selection. However, strong parallelism is not always observed even in seemingly …

Residing within the immense diversity of fishes on earth is an equally impressive array of
locomotor abilities. Some fish continuously swim virtually their entire lives; some move …

We investigated replicated ecological speciation in the livebearing fish Poecilia mexicana
and P. sulphuraria (Poeciliidae), which inhabit freshwater habitats and have also colonized …

Divergent natural selection drives evolutionary diversification. It creates phenotypic diversity
by favoring developmental plasticity within populations or genetic differentiation and local …

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potent toxicant interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in
mitochondria and creating extreme environmental conditions in aquatic ecosystems. The …

Ecological Studies is Springer's premier book series treating all aspects of ecology. These
volumes, either authored or edited collections, appear several times each year. They are …

One of the most endangered vertebrates, the Devils Hole pupfish Cyprinodon diabolis,
survives in a nearly impossible environment: a narrow subterranean fissure in the hottest …

Sexual harassment by males has been reported from several live-bearing fishes
(Poeciliidae) and has been shown to inflict costs on females. For example, poeciliid females …

Life‐history traits are very sensitive to extreme environmental conditions, because resources
that need to be invested in somatic maintenance cannot be invested in reproduction. Here …