Copper, a native metal found in ores, is the principal metal in bronze and brass. It is a
reddish metal with a density of 8920 kg m− 3. All of copper's compounds tend to be brightly …

Oxygen thermobarometry measurements on spinel peridotite rocks indicate that the oxygen
fugacity at the top of the upper mantle falls within±2 log units of the fayalite-magnetite-quartz …

Compositional models of the Earth are critically dependent on three main sources of
information: the seismic profile of the Earth and its interpretation, comparisons between …

THE Prisoner's Dilemma is the leading metaphor for the evolution of cooperative behaviour
in populations of selfish agents, especially since the well-known computer tournaments of …

The timeline of the lunar bombardment in the first Gy of Solar System history remains
unclear. Basin-forming impacts (eg Imbrium, Orientale), occurred 3.9–3.7 Gy ago, ie 600 …

In 1794, the German physicist EFF Chladni published a small book in which he proposed
the extraterrestrial origin of meteorites. The response was skepticism and disbelief. In the …

Using a newly-calibrated relation for cerium redox equilibria in silicate melts (Smythe and
Brenan, 2015), and an internally-consistent model for zircon-melt partitioning of Ce, we …

The sulfur contents at sulfide saturation (SCSS) of a basaltic and a picritic melt have been
measured experimentally as a function of pressure and temperature from 5 to 90 kb and …

The bulk composition of the Earth and the composition of the mantle and core are calculated
using the ratios of major and trace elements. The ratios of elements which do not enter the …

A model of core formation is presented that involves the Earth accreting heterogeneously
through a series of impacts with smaller differentiated bodies. Each collision results in the …