There is a wealth of immunologic studies that have been carried out in experimental and
human schistosomiasis that can be classified into three main areas: immunopathogenesis …

Waterborne parasitic diseases plague tropical regions of the world with the development of
water resources often increasing transmission. Skin‐penetrating cercariae (infectious stages …

Granulomas are organized aggregates of macrophages, often with characteristic
morphological changes, and other immune cells. These evolutionarily ancient structures …

Schistosomiasis is the second most important human parasitic disease in terms of
socioeconomic impact, causing great morbidity and mortality, predominantly across the …

Helminth parasites are highly successful pathogens, chronically infecting a quarter of the
world's population, causing significant morbidity but rarely causing death. Protective …

Liver fibrosis is the common consequence of various chronic liver injuries and is mainly
characterized by the imbalance between the production and degradation of extracellular …

Schistosoma mansoni infection may occur either as an acute infection in individuals who
have recently visited an endemic area, with no previous contact with the parasite, or as a …

Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process purposely aimed at restoring organ integrity after
severe injury caused by autoimmune reactions, mechanical stress or infections. The …

It is unknown whether transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) signaling uniformly
participates in fibrogenic chronic liver diseases, irrespective of the underlying origin, or if …

Liver fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic liver diseases irrespective of etiology.
However, etiology deeply impacts progression and characteristics of liver fibrogenesis. IL-13 …