Covering: 2008 up to 2019 The forces of biochemical adaptive evolution operate at the level
of genes, manifesting in complex phenotypes and the global biodiversity of proteins and …

Enzymes catalyze a vast range of reactions. Their catalytic performances, mechanisms,
global folds, and active-site architectures are also highly diverse, suggesting that enzymes …

Highlights•Enzyme 'promiscuity space'is vast.•Functional innovation by divergent evolution
is easy.•Gene loss is also an important driver of enzyme evolution.•Evolutionary trajectories …

Background Contact tracing data of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-
CoV-2) pandemic is used to estimate basic epidemiological parameters. Contact tracing …

The substrate specificity of enzymes is bound to be imperfect, because of unavoidable
physicochemical limits. In extant metabolic enzymes, furthermore, such limits are seldom …

Promiscuity is the coincidental ability of an enzyme to catalyze its native reaction and
additional reactions that are not biological functions in the same active site. Promiscuity …

Modern cell membranes contain a bewildering complexity of lipids, among them
sphingolipids (SLs). Advances in mass spectrometry have led to the realization that the …

Enzymes are conformationally dynamic, and their dynamical properties play an important
role in regulating their specificity and evolvability. In this context, substantial attention has …

DNA polymerases are responsible for the replication and repair of DNA found in all DNA-
based organisms. DNA Polymerase III is the main replicative polymerase of E. coli and is …

Natural products (NPs) are synthesized by biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), whose genes
are involved in producing one or a family of chemically related metabolites. Advances in …