The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with
vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is …

Obesity leads to an inflammatory condition that is directly involved in the etiology of
cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer. The classic …

Inadequate or excessive nutrient consumption leads to oxidative stress, which may disrupt
oxidative homeostasis, activate a cascade of molecular pathways, and alter the metabolic …

Low-grade tissue inflammation induced by obesity can result in insulin resistance, which in
turn is a key cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cells of the innate immune system produce …

Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of interconnected physiological,
biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increases the risk of cardiovascular …

The modern rise in obesity and its strong association with insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes have elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. The …

Underlying etiological factors in the development of obesity-related chronic diseases are
long-term imbalances of oxidative and inflammatory stress leading to tissue dysfunction …

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is comprised of a cluster of closely related risk factors,
including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride, and low high …

insulin because of insulin resistance would thus result in the activation of these
proinflammatory transcription factors and an increase in the expression of the corresponding …

The metabolic syndrome is a complex of clinical features leading to an increased risk for
cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both sexes. Visceral obesity and …