Insulin is a major endocrine hormone also involved in the regulation of energy and lipid
metabolism via the activation of an intracellular signaling cascade involving the insulin …

Brain tissue has a remarkable ability to accumulate glutamate. This ability is due to
glutamate transporter proteins present in the plasma membranes of both glial cells and …

Cell-surface proteins are of great biomedical importance, as demonstrated by the fact that
66% of approved human drugs listed in the DrugBank database target a cell-surface protein …

Insulin was discovered more than 75 years ago, but only recently have we begun to
understand the mechanisms by which insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into cells. This …

Malignant cells are known to have accelerated metabolism, high glucose requirements, and
increased glucose uptake. Transport of glucose across the plasma membrane of …

Several mechanisms could account for the greater than expected degree of insulin
resistance in these individuals. First, because the insulin receptor precursor can form …

Emerging evidence highlights that dysfunction of adipose tissue contributes to impaired
insulin sensitivity and systemic metabolic deterioration in obese state. Of note, adipocyte …

Gaps remain in our understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms by which insulin
regulates glucose uptake in fat and muscle cells. Recent evidence suggests that insulin …

Apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) is a lipid-binding protein, which is primarily synthesized in the
small intestine, packaged into chylomicrons, and secreted into intestinal lymph during fat …

Total GLUT4 content in skeletal muscle from individuals with type 2 diabetes is normal;
however, recent studies have demonstrated that translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma …