Systems medicine has a mechanism-based rather than a symptom-or organ-based
approach to disease and identifies therapeutic targets in a nonhypothesis-driven manner. In …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the
progressive loss of axonal myelin in several areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that …

Metabolic regulation has been recognized as a powerful principle guiding immune
responses. Inflammatory macrophages undergo extensive metabolic rewiring marked by the …

Mitochondria are important regulators of macrophage polarisation. Here, we show that
arginase-2 (Arg2) is a microRNA-155 (miR-155) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) regulated protein …

Despite the development of novel targeted drugs, the molecular heterogeneity of diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) still poses a substantial therapeutic challenge. DLBCL can …

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective treatment option for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), but its therapeutic mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. A …

To overcome oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress, cells have evolved
cytoprotective protein networks controlled by nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 …

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used as a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species
(hydrogen peroxide, in particular) and an antioxidant in cancer biology and immuno …

Host cell metabolism is essential for the viral replication cycle and, therefore, for productive
infection. Energy (ATP) is required for the receptor-mediated attachment of viral particles to …

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a fumaric acid ester registered for the treatment of relapsing‐
remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). It induces protein succination leading to inactivation of …