Background According to recent evidence, up to 40–50% of variance in autism spectrum
disorder (ASD) liability might be determined by environmental factors. In the present paper …

The presence, magnitude, and significance of sex differences in the human brain are hotly
debated topics in the scientific community and popular media. This debate is largely fueled …

Microglia are embryonically seeded macrophages that contribute to brain development,
homeostasis, and pathologies. It is thus essential to decipher how microglial properties are …

The Empathizing–Systemizing (ES) theory of typical sex differences suggests that
individuals may be classified based on empathy and systemizing. An extension of the ES …

The very variable findings reported in this review reflect the problems of conducting research
into lifetime outcomes for individuals with a condition as heterogeneous as ASD. Much more …

There is growing evidence of a camouflaging effect among females with autism spectrum
disorder (ASD), particularly among those without intellectual disability, which may affect …

Abstract Purpose of Review Neurodevelopmental disorders disproportionately affect males.
The mechanisms underlying male vulnerability or female protection are not known and …

Background Comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is very common
in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), worsening the developmental trajectory of ASD. The …

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a
worldwide prevalence of about 1%, characterized by impairments in social interaction …

Autistic traits are associated with frequent psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and
everyday functional challenges. These associations may be especially prominent in women …