Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse
functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases …

Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors—
relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive—for patient care …

Background Ozanimod, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, is under
investigation for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Methods We conducted a …

Importance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease
of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination with axonal …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative
disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). MS is characterized by immune …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of
the central nervous system, and the leading cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in …

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by unrelenting neurodegeneration,
which causes cumulative disability and is refractory to current treatments. Drug development …

Summary The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling pathways have important and
diverse functions. S1P receptors (S1PRs) have been proposed as a therapeutic target for …

Importance To our knowledge, the Oral Ponesimod Versus Teriflunomide In Relapsing
Multiple Sclerosis (OPTIMUM) trial is the first phase 3 study comparing 2 oral disease …

In most cases, multiple sclerosis (MS) begins with a relapsing-remitting course followed by
insidious disability worsening that is independent from clinically apparent relapses and is …