Despite the success of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade by angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers, current …

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012, one third of
antihypertensive prescriptions in the United States in the past decade were for angiotensin …

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare and disabling disease. Early diagnosis and
appropriate therapy are essential. This update and revision of the global guideline for HAE …

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Bradykinin (BK) metabolism and its receptors play a central role in drug-induced
angioedema (AE) without urticaria through increased vascular permeability. Many …

Angioedema (AE) occurring during ACE inhibitor therapy (ACEi-AE) is a rare complication
involving between 0.1 and 0.7% of treated patients. AE can also complicate other …

Angioedema is defined by non-dependent, non-pitting edema that affects several different
sites and is potentially life-threatening due to laryngeal edema. This narrative review …

Angioedema is a self-limiting edema of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues due to
localised increase of microvascular permeability whose mediator may be histamine or …

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are defined as any noxious and unintended response to a
drug. ADRs may be predictable, based on known pharmacologic properties of a drug, or …

Kinins, bradykinin and kallidin are vasoactive peptides that signal through the bradykinin B1
and B2 receptors (B1R and B2R). B2R is constitutively expressed in healthy tissues and …