Probing soot formation, chemical and physical evolution, and oxidation: A review of in situ diagnostic techniques and needs

HA Michelsen - Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017 - Elsevier
Soot is responsible for notoriously detrimental effects on human health, air quality, and
global and regional climate. Controlling soot emissions to the atmosphere will require …

Laser-induced incandescence: recent trends and current questions

C Schulz, BF Kock, M Hofmann, H Michelsen, S Will… - Applied Physics B, 2006 - Springer
This paper provides an overview of a workshop focused on fundamental experimental and
theoretical aspects of soot measurements by laser-induced incandescence (LII). This …

Formation of nascent soot and other condensed-phase materials in flames

H Wang - Proceedings of the Combustion institute, 2011 - Elsevier
Over the last two decades, our understanding of soot formation has evolved from an
empirical, phenomenological description to an age of quantitative modeling for at least small …

[HTML][HTML] On the early stages of soot formation: Molecular structure elucidation by high-resolution atomic force microscopy

M Commodo, K Kaiser, G De Falco, P Minutolo… - Combustion and …, 2019 - Elsevier
The early stages of soot formation, namely inception and growth, are highly debated and
central to many ongoing studies in combustion research. Here, we provide new insights into …

Portraits of soot molecules reveal pathways to large aromatics, five-/seven-membered rings, and inception through π-radical localization

LA Lieske, M Commodo, JW Martin, K Kaiser… - ACS …, 2023 - ACS Publications
Incipient soot early in the flame was studied by high-resolution atomic force microscopy and
scanning tunneling microscopy to resolve the atomic structure and orbital densities of single …

Effects of NH3 addition on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and soot formation in C2H4 co-flow diffusion flames

F Ren, X Cheng, Z Gao, Z Huang, L Zhu - Combustion and Flame, 2022 - Elsevier
As a promising carbon-free alternative fuel, ammonia (NH 3) cofiring with hydrocarbon fuels
can improve its own combustion properties and suppress the soot emission. In this work, the …

CoFlame: A refined and validated numerical algorithm for modeling sooting laminar coflow diffusion flames

NA Eaves, Q Zhang, F Liu, H Guo, SB Dworkin… - Computer Physics …, 2016 - Elsevier
Mitigation of soot emissions from combustion devices is a global concern. For example,
recent EURO 6 regulations for vehicles have placed stringent limits on soot emissions. In …

The core–shell internal nanostructure of soot–A criterion to model soot maturity

MR Kholghy, A Veshkini, MJ Thomson - Carbon, 2016 - Elsevier
A novel model called Surface Shell Formation (SSF) is developed which predicts soot
maturity based on the equilibrium nanostructure of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) …

[HTML][HTML] Computational and experimental study of soot formation in a coflow, laminar diffusion flame

MD Smooke, CS McEnally, LD Pfefferle, RJ Hall… - Combustion and …, 1999 - Elsevier
A detailed soot growth model in which the equations for particle production have been
coupled to the flow and gaseous species conservation equations has been developed for an …

An experimental and kinetic modeling study of n-butanol combustion

SM Sarathy, MJ Thomson, C Togbé, P Dagaut… - Combustion and …, 2009 - Elsevier
n-Butanol is a fuel that has been proposed as an alternative to conventional gasoline and
diesel fuels. In order to better understand the combustion characteristics of n-butanol, this …