Dedicated to the memory of Professors Henry G. Kunkel and Bruce Merrifield (Rockefeller
University, New York), who introduced us to the fascinating worlds of immunology and …

• Introduction• P. falciparum invasion of RBCs• Merozoite proteins involved in invading
erythrocytes• Erythrocyte proteins involved in merozoite invasion• The state of current …

Background The neotropical, non-human primates (NHP) of the genus Saimiri and Aotus are
recommended by the World Health Organization as experimental models for the study of …

Owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) are New World NHP that serve an important role in
vaccine development and as a model for human disease conditions such as malaria …

A totally effective anti-malarial vaccine must contain epitopes derived from multiple proteins
found in different stages of the particular parasite involved in invasion. It must therefore …

Background Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a critical cytokine in the immune response
whose transcriptional activation is controlled by a proximal promoter region that is highly …

γδ T lymphocytes have a heterodimeric complex formed by the association of γ and δ chains
as receptor. Proliferation of this lymphocyte population has been observed, when infection …

The Aotus monkey has been of great value in the pre-clinical study of malaria vaccine
candidates. Several components of this primate's immune system have been studied and …

Non-human primates (NHP) provide important animal models for studies on immune
responses to infections and vaccines. When assessing cellular immunity in NHP, cytokines …

The Aotus model for vivax malaria is extremely useful both as a source of living parasites in
non-endemic areas, and as a model for vaccine and drug development research. Several …