All animals face the possibility of limitations in food resources that could ultimately lead to
starvation-induced mortality. The primary goal of this review is to characterize the various …

The decline of Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian
Islands between the late 1970s and 1990s may have been related to reduced availability of …

Energy management for endurance flight critically determines the ecological options in the
life history of migrant birds. Apart from the amount of energy stores, the types of fuel used …

Extended bouts of fasting are ingrained in the ecology of many organisms, characterizing
aspects of reproduction, development, hibernation, estivation, migration, and infrequent …

In response to undernutrition, short-(days) and medium-term (weeks) adaptations are more
pronounced for splanchnic organs than for other tissues. For the latter, the long-term …

Changes in the amount and metabolism of adipose tissue (AT) occur in underfed ruminants,
and are amplified during lactation, or in fat animals. The fat depot of the tail of some ovine …

Consistent expanding urbanization dramatically transforms natural habitats and exposes
organisms to novel environmental challenges, often leading to reduced species richness …

Release of corticosterone in hungry kittiwake chicks facilitates begging and allows them to
restore depleted energy reserves by increasing parental food provisioning. However, in …

Insulin resistance is perceived as deleterious, associated with conditions as the metabolic
syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and critical illness. However, insulin resistance is …

Individuals store energy to balance deficits in natural cycles; however, unnatural events can
also lead to unbalanced energy budgets. Entanglement in fishing gear is one example of an …