From the frontiers of research on ice dynamics in its broadest sense, this review surveys the
structures of ice, the patterns or morphologies it may assume, and the physical and chemical …

Our understanding of the “long range” electrodynamic, electrostatic, and polar interactions
that dominate the organization of small objects at separations beyond an interatomic bond …

By a porous medium we mean a material consisting of a solid matrix with an interconnected
void. We suppose that the solid matrix is either rigid (the usual situation) or it undergoes …

The Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE) is the result of an effort to develop a computationally
efficient sea ice component for a fully coupled atmosphere–land global climate model. It was …

A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial
role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review …

Ice in the environment plays a central role in both global-scale processes on Earth and
many human activities. Issues related to its description, including the modelling of natural ice …

Arctic sea ice is a key indicator of the state of global climate because of both its sensitivity to
warming and its role in amplifying climate change. Accelerated melting of the perennial sea …

The Arctic climate system includes numerous highly interactive small-scale physical
processes in the atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean. During and since the International Polar …

We reexamine five processes that have been suggested to be important for the loss of salt
from sea ice. These processes are the initial fractionation of salt at the ice‐ocean interface …

Numerous components of the Arctic freshwater system (atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and
terrestrial hydrology) have experienced large changes over the past few decades, and these …