Bioactive sphingolipids—ceramide, sphingosine, and their respective 1-phosphates (C1P
and S1P)—are signaling molecules serving as intracellular second messengers. Moreover …

The importance of neuroglia in maintaining normal brain function under physiological and
pathological conditions has been supported by growing evidence in recent years. The most …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, the main
pathological hallmark of which is the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) and the formation …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive
loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, formation of Lewy bodies, and …

Highlights•GLP-1 analogs can cross the blood–brain barrier and stimulate the GLP-1
receptor in the brain.•Stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor has shown effects on mitochondrial …

Recent discoveries have implicated the gut microbiome in the progression and severity of
Parkinson's disease; however, how gut bacteria affect such neurodegenerative disorders …

Energy production via the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and mitophagy are
two important processes affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). Interestingly, PINK1 …

Over the past decade, it was found that relatively simple sphingolipids, such as ceramide,
sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and glucosylceramide play important roles in …

Lipids are not only constituents of cellular membranes, but they are also key signaling
mediators, thus acting as “bioactive lipids”. Among the prominent roles exerted by bioactive …

Sphingolipids (SFs) represent a large class of lipids playing diverse functions in a vast
number of physiological and pathological processes. Sphingomyelin (SM) is the most …