Monetary sanctions, also known as legal financial obligations (LFOs), are a highly
consequential yet underexplored element of the criminal legal system. LFOs consist of fines …

The expansion of the US penal system has important consequences for poverty and
inequality, yet little is known about the imposition of monetary sanctions. This study analyzes …

Research Summary Substantial fees and fines now are now routinely imposed by courts and
other criminal justice agencies across the United States. This article summarizes research …

It is often said that a criminal offender owes a debt to society. Lately, though, it seems that a
growing number of bill collectors are trying to cash in on that debt. Courts ask for payment of …

Economic sociologists have documented the rise of financialization, including credit and
debt. In the case of monetary sanctions in the criminal legal system, courts frequently extend …

Monetary sanctions include fines, fees, restitution, surcharges, interest, and other costs
imposed on people who are convicted of crimes ranging from traffic violations to violent …

Economic sanctions comprise six different types of legallyrequired transfers of money or
other value from an offender to a crime victim or a governmental agency. 1 They are often …

Individuals on probation are commonly assessed fines and fees. These monetary sanctions
serve different purposes. Fines are primarily used for more punitive purposes, whereas fees …

Research Summary Economic sanctions, particularly restitution, can help juvenile offenders
both learn the extent of the harm they caused and assume responsibility for repairing that …

Although monetary sanctions have been used as criminal punishments since the dawn of
the American state,'the size and scope of these financial sanctions have increased …