Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest non‐traumatic disabling disease to affect young
adults. The incidence of MS is increasing worldwide, together with the socioeconomic …

Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles for the brain's professional phagocytes,
microglia, and their receptors in the control of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) and myelin …

Abstract Development of central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by both intrinsic and
peripheral signals. Previous studies have suggested that environmental factors affect …

The human microbiota comprises trillions of symbiotic microorganisms and is involved in
regulating gastrointestinal (GI), immune, nervous system and metabolic homeostasis …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequently seen demyelinating disease, with a prevalence
that varies considerably, from high levels in North America and Europe (> 100/100,000 …

Background The cause of multiple sclerosis is believed to involve environmental exposure
and genetic susceptibility. We aimed to summarise the environmental risk factors that have …

Perimenopause is a midlife transition state experienced by women that occurs in the context
of a fully functioning neurological system and results in reproductive senescence. Although …

Survival of plasma cells is regulated by B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a membrane-
bound receptor activated by its agonist ligands BAFF and APRIL. Here we report that γ …

Background and objective: We explored which clinical and biochemical variables predict
conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to clinically definite multiple sclerosis …