Low grade gliomas are the most frequent brain tumors in children and encompass a
spectrum of histologic entities which are currently assigned World Health Organisation …

Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) were recognized as a discrete clinical entity over 70 years ago.
They are relatively benign (WHO grade I) and have, as a group, a 10-year survival of over …

The lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) is a major target of spinal projection neurons
conveying nociceptive input into supraspinal structures. However, the functional role of …

Missense mutations of the V600E type constitute the vast majority of tumor-associated
somatic alterations in the v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) gene …

Pediatric neuro-oncology has undergone an exciting and dramatic transformation during the
past 5 years. This article summarizes data from collaborative group and institutional trials …

Purpose: Recent studies have revealed that the majority of pediatric low-grade astrocytomas
(PLGA) harbor the BRAF-KIAA1549 (BK) fusion gene resulting in constitutive activation of …

The term longterm epilepsy associated tumor (LEAT) encompasses lesions identified in
patients investigated for long histories (often 2 years or more) of drugresistant epilepsy …

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common tumor of the pediatric central nervous system
(CNS). A body of research over recent years has demonstrated a key role for mitogen …

Activation of the MAPK signaling pathway has been shown to be a unifying molecular
feature in pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). Genetically, tandem duplications at chromosome 7q34 …

Ganglioglioma is a rare CNS tumor with a benign biological behavior. Recently, the BRAF
V600E mutation was identified in approximately 20% of gangliogliomas. Here, we analyzed …