The emergence of empirical approaches to L2 pronunciation research and teaching is a
powerful fourth wave in the history of the field. Authored by two leading proponents of …

This paper reviews how the construct of oral fluency in a second language (L2) has been
defined and researched over the last twenty-five years. The emerging picture is somewhat …

This chapter reviews the theory and practice of recent approaches to the teaching of
speaking. It outlines key theoretical areas that need to be considered. These are the nature …

This study examined the linguistic dimensions of comprehensibility and perceived fluency in
the context of L2 argumentative speech elicited from 40 Japanese-speaking learners of …

Native speakers of a language, it seems, can fill time with talk easily, speak smoothly,
appropriately, correctly, with ease and effortlessness. But it appears extremely difficult to …

In second language (L2) research and testing, measures of oral fluency are used as
diagnostics for proficiency. However, fluency is also determined by personality or speaking …

Listener‐based judgements of fluency play an important role in second language (L2)
communication contexts and in L2 assessment. Accordingly, our meta‐analysis examined …

Second language acquisition has rapidly grown as a field over the past decade, as our
knowledge of the ways in which children and adults learn and use a second language has …

This study investigated how individual differences in linguistic knowledge and processing
skills relate to individual differences in speaking fluency. Speakers of Dutch as a second …

Researching the longitudinal development of second language (L2) learners is essential to
understanding influences on their success. This 7‐year study of oral skills in adult immigrant …