Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder seen in age-
dependent dementia. There is currently no effective treatment for AD, which may be …

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of the brain. Cellular homeostasis of
glutamate is of paramount importance for normal brain function and relies on an intricate …

Astrocytes contribute to the complex cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Neurons and astrocytes function in close collaboration through neurotransmitter recycling …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with human aging.
Ten percent of individuals over 65 years have AD and its prevalence continues to rise with …

Together with aspartate, glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Glutamate binds and activates both ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic glutamate …

The symptoms of Alzheimer disease reflect a loss of neural circuit integrity in the brain, but
neurons do not work in isolation. Emerging evidence suggests that the intricate balance of …

It is increasingly accepted that early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease results in
considerable part from synaptic dysfunction caused by the accumulation of a range of …

Excitotoxicity is a phenomenon that describes the toxic actions of excitatory
neurotransmitters, primarily glutamate, where the exacerbated or prolonged activation of …

Background Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) occurs in many diseases and is
often mediated by inflammatory and neuroimmune mechanisms. Inflammation is well …

Astrocytes play crucial roles in the brain and are involved in the neuroinflammatory
response. They become reactive in response to virtually all pathological situations in the …