Anxiety is the most common mental health problem worldwide. Epidemiological studies
show that sleep disturbances, particularly insomnia, affect∼ 50% of individuals with anxiety …

Anxiety is experienced in response to threats that are distal or uncertain, involving changes
in one's subjective state, autonomic responses, and behavior. Defensive and physiologic …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in the generation and regulation of emotion.
However, we lack an integrative framework for understanding how different emotion-related …

The brain contains both generalized and stimulus-type-specific representations of aversive
events, but models of how these are integrated and related to subjective experience are …

This review aims to synthesise a large pre-clinical and clinical literature related to a
hypothesised role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in responses to acute and …

Coordinated interactions between the central and autonomic nervous systems are crucial for
survival due to the inherent propensity for human behavior to make errors. In our ever …

The social psychological literature on threat and defense is fragmented. Groups of
researchers have focused on distinct threats, such as mortality, uncertainty, uncontrollability …

We propose a Survival Optimization System (SOS) to account for the strategies that humans
and other animals use to defend against recurring and novel threats. The SOS attempts to …

A wealth of research demonstrates attentional biases toward threat in the anxiety disorders.
Several models have been advanced to explain these biases in anxiety, yet the mechanisms …

The rapid and efficient selection of emotionally salient or goal-relevant stimuli in the
environment is crucial for flexible and adaptive behaviors. Converging data from …