The traditional formulation of three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation
schemes for oceanographic applications neglects the temporal evolution of background …

Developing effective ways to model and cycle the background‐error covariance matrix is an
active area of research in data assimilation. An important aspect of this problem when using …

We have developed a global ocean and sea‐ice ensemble forecasting system based on the
operational forecasting ocean assimilation model (FOAM) system run at the Met Office. The …

Operational analysis and forecast products of shelf sea biogeochemistry often lack reliable
information on uncertainty. This is problematic, as good quality uncertainty information is …

Tropical cyclones tend to result in distinctive spatial and temporal characteristics in the
upper ocean, which suggests that traditional, parametrisation‐based background‐error …