Cancer has long been a grievous disease complicated by innumerable players aggravating
its cure. Many clinical studies demonstrated the prognostic relevance of the tumor …

Altered aerobic glycolysis is a well-recognized characteristic of cancer cell energy
metabolism, known as the Warburg effect. Even in the presence of abundant oxygen, a …

Current standard-of-care (SOC) therapy for breast cancer includes targeted therapies such
as endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) positive; anti-HER2 monoclonal …

TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in breast cancer, but its role in survival is
confounded by different studies concluding that TP53 mutations are associated with …

The p53 tumour suppressor is modified through mutation or changes in expression in most
cancers, leading to the altered regulation of hundreds of genes that are directly influenced …

Breast cancer is the most frequent invasive tumor diagnosed in women, causing over 400
000 deaths yearly worldwide. Like other tumors, it is a disease with a complex …

Sexual dimorphisms are responsible for profound metabolic differences in health and
behavior. Whether males and females react differently to environmental cues, such as solar …

Tumor suppressor p53 maintains genome stability by regulating diverse cellular functions
including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence and metabolic homeostasis. Mutations in …

Estrogens and estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate metabolism in both normal physiology and
in disease. The metabolic characteristics of intrinsic breast cancer subtypes change based …

Mitochondria, well recognized as the “powerhouse” of cells, are maternally inherited
organelles with bacterial ancestry that play essential roles in a myriad of cellular functions. It …