“A rigorous, in-depth guide to the history, philosophy, and scientific exploration of this
widespread emotional state...[LeDoux] offers a magisterial review of the role of mind and …

The amygdala has long held the center seat in the neural basis of threat conditioning.
However, a rapidly growing literature has elucidated extra-amygdala circuits in this process …

Emotional memories represent the core of human and animal life and drive future choices
and behaviors. Early research involving brain lesion studies in animals lead to the idea that …

Imagination is an internal simulation of real-life events and a common treatment tool for
anxiety disorders; however, the neural processes by which imagination exerts behavioral …

The ability to assign safety to stimuli in the environment is integral to everyday functioning. A
key brain region for this evaluation is the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). To …

Overgeneralization of dangerous stimuli is a possible etiological account for anxiety
disorders, yet the underlying behavioral and neural origins remain vague. Specifically, it is …

Pavlovian conditioning underlies many aspects of pain behavior, including fear and threat
detection [1], escape and avoidance learning [2], and endogenous analgesia [3]. Although a …

After encoding, memories undergo a process of consolidation that determines long-term
retention. For conditioned fear, animal models postulate that consolidation involves …

Exploring the neural circuits of the extinction of conditioned fear is critical to advance our
understanding of fear-and anxiety-related disorders. The field has focused on examining the …

Our daily lives unfold continuously, yet our memories are organised into distinct events,
situated in a specific context of space and time, and chunked when this context changes (at …